The Winnemem Wintu

Who Are the Winnemem Wintu People?

The Winnemem Wintu are the Indigenous caretakers of the McCloud River in Northern California. “Winnemem” means “Middle Water,” reflecting their stewardship of what settlers renamed the McCloud River, and “Wintu” translates to “human.” Descended from one of nine Wintu bands, they trace their origins to Mount Shasta—one of 20 sacred mountains holding the world together.

Despite colonization, genocide, and the flooding of their villages by Shasta Dam, the Winnemem Wintu persist—protecting salmon runs, maintaining ceremonies, and preserving their language. Today, they continue to honor their responsibilities, ensuring the land, water, and sacred realms remain in balance for future generations.